Process of making producer gas from coking coals



Jan. 8, 1929. mgmm K. KO'LLER PROCESS OF MAKING PRODUCER GAS FROM COKING GOALS Filed July 18, 1925 I INVENTOR.

fiTf/aJ/er A TTORNEYS.

Patent ed 8, 19219.

PATENT OFFICE.

I 1mm. ROLLER, or nunnrss'r, HUNGARY.

rqaocnss or. mime raonucna GAS raom coxms 'coALs.

p Application med 1.1 18, 1925, Serial m. 44,525, ma Germany m 18, 1024.

not readily be completely ified in the enand swe ing erator by reason of the 0 whereby of the coal at certain temperatures,

also a grcat amount of mechanical labor is{ necessary tomaintain thelayer or column of duced together with the air-steam mixture coal permeable.

It is known that these coals may be dry- I distilled without their coking together if the .tent that temperature is held so low (below 500 C.) that conversion (cracking of the resulting tar distillates and colloids oes not take place. Colloids can, however, separate out in certain kinds of coal even at low temperature.

These colloids cause caking of the coal. In H such cases the coal ma lose its capacity for caking together or co ,'ng, by prelimina oxidation of this tar constituent (colloidg at low temperature (below 200 C.).

These coals have such a high carbon conglasification thereof causes reactions igh temperatures,,and the temperassing ofi from the gasiar above this so-called this is so even in too high a involving ature of the gases fying zones lies. crackling temperature, and the case when a mixed gas with hydrogen content is produced.

Most industries operating with producer gas, for example, the iron, ceramic, glass no in carbon monoxide, so that the ad tion of steam must not exceed certain limits.

"The present invention is directed toa process-for the complete gasification of coking coals in a gas producer, by introducing ases arisin from a point outside the proucer, in w oh the temperature in the distillin zone of the gas ggllllerator is held constanty below the crac temperature of the tar products, in that t e heat resulting from the exothermic reactions is modified by the endothermic reaction of the foreign gases introduced. By means of these enothermic reactions the temperature. in the combustion'zone, that is, in the first zone furnaces above the grate, the gasi'fying zone proper and the temperature of the gases rising from .the gasifying zone is reduced tofsu'chdegree .that the distilling:

temperature may'correspond to the above condltions."-

The heat-combining'forei ases may be chiefly the gases'rich in C m various (for example, combustion gases).

zone according The reduction of the CO, is the most active endothermicreaction and gas which is rich therein is always available in large quantities. By regulating the quantities of gas supplied it is possible to regulate the temperature of the gases issuing from the gasification to the type of coal to be gasified. y

The foreign gases may suitably be introunder the grate, so that the fan sucks-in air as well as foreign gas, and the combination of the mixture drawn in regulated by suitable regulating devices, such as slides, dampers, etc. The combination or composition of the mixture maybe constantly controlled by means of a suitable gas tester.

The process of the application also consists in that in those types 0 coal which give colloids even at low temperature distillation, and thus produce coking as a result of such low temperature distillation, in addition to being supplied with the gas mixture (air, steam, and gases containing carbon dioxide) below the ate, oxygen or air is supplied to the distilling chamber, for the purpose of oxidizing those colloids which separate out at low temperature distillation and thus prevent the coals from caking. n this process the temperature in -the distilling chamber is maintained below and care must be observed that only so much oxygen is introduced into the distilling chamber that an-explosive gas cannot form. I

The figure illustrates an apparatus in vertical section for carrying out the above process. The gas producer is charged with fuel via a charging hopper 2. The fuel is distilled in a distil tion zone 3 and gasified in a gemfying zone 4 by means of air and steam entering pipe 5 and nozzle 6. To this air and steam mixture is added the reixpired quantity of C0,, or any other gas capa le of regulatinglthe process before entering the pro ucer. As es are removed via pan 7 additional air or oxygen may be admitted to the distillation chamber viathe dize the colloidal constituents of the coal.

Having now described my invention, I claim:

' 1. In the process of making producer gas from the total gasification of coal in a gas roducer having a distilling cation zone, the steps which comprise, admitting regulated quantities of mixed air, steam and carbon dioxide to the gasification conduit 8 and valve 9 to oxithe ignition temperature Y zone and a gasihot to distill and zone to generate producer gas, passing'the roducer gas through the distilling zone gasify coal-therein; and simultaneously introducing a limited-and regulated supply of oxygen directly into the distilling zone to oxidize colloidal constituents of the coal and thereby prevent caking of the coal of the distilling zone.

2. In the process of making producer gas from the total gasification of coal in a gas roducer having a distilling zone and a gasincation zone, the steps which comprise, admitting regulated quantities of mixed air, steam and carbon dioxide to the gasification zone to generate producer gas, passing the hot producer gas through the distilling zone to distill and gasify coal therein, and simultaneously. introducing a. limited and regulated supply of oxygen directly into the distilling zone to oxidize colloidal constituents of the coal and thereby prevent caking of the coal in the distilling. zone, the temperature of the distillation zone at the point of introduction of the oxygenbeing maintained below the ignition temperature of the gases at that point.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

KARL KOLLER. 

